Reality as a geographical fact: Contemporary perspectives

Abstract

Geography has undergone a significant transformation in its understanding of reality, shifting from a purely descriptive approach to a more critical and dynamic interpretation. This new perspective sees geographic reality as a constantly evolving social construct shaped by complex interactions among social, economic, and political factors. Thinkers such as Doreen Massey and Edward Soja have been central to this reconceptualization, highlighting the active role of space in producing social reality and the importance of spatial justice. Meanwhile, global challenges like climate change and rapid urbanization are reshaping our understanding of the environment. Concepts such as “planetary urbanization” challenge traditional distinctions between urban and rural. Technological revolution manifested through augmented reality and volunteered geographic information systems are creating new layers of reality intertwined with physical space. Simultaneously, the Anthropocene concept underscores human impact on a geological scale, demanding more integrated analyses of human and natural systems. Geography is adopting a more inclusive approach, integrating non-Western perspectives and tackling spatial and environmental inequalities. Looking forward, the discipline moves toward more holistic and sustainable approaches, emphasizing the essential role of resilience and agency in space production, and exploring the implications of emerging digital geographies.